Control · C-025 · Security & Resilience

Agent sandboxing and isolation

Code execution and tool use by agents run in isolated environments with restricted network, file and system access, so that a failure is contained where it occurs.

Control type
Preventive
Risks addressed
5
Audience
Practitioner
Frameworks
AML.M0032 · AST06 · ASI05
Responsible AI domain
Lifecycle stage
Reviewed
2026-11-10

What it does

It limits the reach of anything that goes wrong inside the agent's execution environment. Generated code, a hostile skill or a compromised tool can affect only what the environment exposes. Security architecture owns the isolation standard and the platform team applies it to every environment in which an agent executes code or loads third-party components, from the first test run onwards.

How to implement it

  • Run agent-generated code in a container or virtual machine created for the task and destroyed after it.
  • Deny network access by default and allow named destinations only.
  • Mount only the files the task needs, read-only where possible.
  • Keep credentials outside the environment and broker access through an authenticated interface.
  • Separate skills and tools from each other as well as from the host.
  • Set limits on time, memory and processes.

Evidence it operates

Design: an architecture record showing the isolation boundary and what crosses it. Operation: configuration of running environments matches the standard; tests that attempt to reach the internal network, read host files and persist beyond the task all fail; alerts are raised for blocked attempts.

Where it fits

Built at design and enforced at deployment. It complements least-privilege agent identity: identity limits what the agent may ask for, isolation limits what its environment can touch.

Limits

Isolation does not protect what is deliberately placed inside the boundary: data mounted into the environment can still be misused or sent to an allowed destination. Escapes from container isolation are possible, and higher-risk workloads may need stronger separation.

Risks this mitigates

Primary mappings

Unexpected code execution by agents Critical
Runs agent-generated code in an isolated environment with restricted access. An agent generates and runs code or commands that were never reviewed, allowing injected instructions or model error to execute on the host or in connected systems.

Supporting mappings

Agent tool misuse High
Contains the effect of a harmful call. An agent uses a tool it is permitted to use in an unsafe or unintended way, such as a destructive command or a wrong parameter, causing data loss, unauthorised transactions or disruption.
Agentic supply chain compromise High
Limits what a compromised component can do. Tools, skills, connectors or sub-agents loaded at run time are malicious, tampered with or silently changed, giving an outside party a route into the agent's actions and data.
Loss of control of advanced AI Medium
Contains what a system can reach. A highly capable AI system pursues objectives or acquires capabilities beyond the oversight of its developer or deployer, and cannot readily be corrected or stopped.
Over-privileged agent skills and tools Medium
Isolates skills from each other and from the host. Reusable skills and tool definitions request broader permissions than their function needs and run without isolation, enlarging the effect of any misuse.

Framework and clause references

FrameworkClauseTitle
MITRE ATLASAML.M0032Segmentation of AI Agent Components Segmentation of agent components.
OWASP Agentic Skills Top 10AST06Weak Isolation Weak isolation.
OWASP Top 10 for Agentic ApplicationsASI05Unexpected Code Execution Unexpected code execution.

Related terms

How to cite

Axiom Verity (2026). Agent sandboxing and isolation. Reference Library, C-025. https://axiom-verity.com/controls/agent-sandboxing-and-isolation. Reviewed 2026-11-10.